Everything about P Ter P Zm Ny totally explained
Péter Pázmány de Panasz (
October 4,
1570 –
March 19,
1637) was a
Hungarian philosopher,
theologian,
cardinal,
pulpit orator and
statesman. He was an important figure in the
Counter-Reformation in
Royal Hungary.
Biography
Péter Pázmány was born in
Nagyvárad and was educated there and in
Kolozsvár, which is where he converted from
Calvinism to
Roman Catholicism in
1583, partly under the influence of his stepmother. In
1587 he entered the
Jesuit Order. Pázmány went through his probation at
Kraków, took his degree in
Vienna, studied theology at
Rome, and finally completed his academic course at the Jesuit college in
Graz. In
1601 he was sent to the Order's establishment at
Sellye, where his eloquence and dialectic won hundreds to Catholicism, including many of the noblest families. Prince
Miklós Esterházy and
Pál Rákóczi were among his converts.
In
1607 he was assigned as archbishop of
Esztergom, and in the following year attracted attention in the Diet by his denunciation of the eighth point of the
Peace of Vienna, which prohibited the Jesuits from acquiring landed property in
Hungary. At about the same time
Pope Paul V, on the petition of Emperor
Matthias, released Pázmány from his monkish vows. On
April 25,
1616 he was made dean of
Turóc, and on
September 28 he became primate of Hungary. He received the
red hat of Cardinal from
Pope Urban VIII in
1629. Pázmány was the soul of the Catholic Counter-Reformation in Hungary.
Particularly remarkable is his (Guide to Truth), which appeared in
1613. This manual united all the advantages of scientific depth, methodical arrangement and popular style. As the chief pastor of the Hungarian church, Pázmány used every means in his power, short of absolute contravention of the laws, to obstruct and weaken
Protestantism, which had risen during the
16th century. In
1619 he founded a seminary for theological candidates at
Nagyszombat (now: Trnava), and in
1623 laid the foundations of a similar institution at Vienna, the still famous
Pázmáneum, at a cost of 200,000
florins. In 1635 he contributed 100,000 florins towards the foundation of a Hungarian university in Nagyszombat. The Faculty of Theology was later turned into
Pázmány Péter Catholic University, and the rest of the university became what is now known as
Eötvös Loránd University, which from 1921-1950 was known as Péter Pázmány University. Pázmány also built Jesuit colleges and schools at
Pressburg (Bratislava), and
Franciscan monasteries at
Érsekújvár (now: Nové Zámky) and
Körmöcbánya (now: Kremnica).
In politics he played a considerable part. It was chiefly due to him that the diet of
1618 elected Archduke
Ferdinand to succeed the childless Matthias. He also repeatedly thwarted the martial ambitions of
Gabriel Bethlen, and prevented
György Rákóczi I, over whom he'd a great influence, from allying with the
Ottoman Empire and the Protestants.
Pázmány's chief works include:
The Four Books of Thomas à Kempis on the imitation of Christ (Hungarian, 1603), of which there are many editions;
Diatribe theologica de visible Christi in terris ecclesia (Graz, 1615);
Vindiciae ecclesiasticae (Vienna, 1620);
Sermons for every Sunday in the Year (Hung., Pressburg, 1636);
The Triumph of Truth (Hungarian, Pressburg, 1614).
Pázmány died in Pressburg (today Bratislava) in
1637. His most important legacy was his creation of the
Hungarian literary language. As an orator he was dubbed "the Hungarian
Cicero in the purple".
In 1867, a street in Vienna, the Pazmanitengasse, was named after him.
Further Information
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